Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper

Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The possibility of ranger service as in we realize it today is just around 400 years of age. Ranger service grew mostly out of the requirement for a nonstop flexibly of wood items. There were a couple of backwoods holds for chasing or conservation in Europe, yet dealing with a woodland for various assets is very new. There are four phases that practically all social orders have experienced when attempting to build up this thought of ranger service. The principal stage has to do with the unregulated maltreatment of woodland items to be utilized as vitality, building supplies and furthermore to be cleared to clear a path for horticultural land. This makes a sort of domino impact on woodlands all over the place. The overexploitation of local woodlands implies there will be a shortage of items that are viewed as important, which thus prompts the maltreatment of increasingly distant timberlands and the overexploitation of them et cetera. In the United States this stage was seen with the c olonization of America. Colonization started in the eastern U.S. what's more, thus prompted the demolition of woods there. Individuals required backwoods supplies to assemble their homes and cultivates, and when the local woods were nearly drained they started taking assets from remote woodlands (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. before colonization had an expected one billion sections of land of forested land. Constantly 1900 that territory had been decreased to 567 million sections of land (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this underlying phase of recklessness is perceived there is a phase of guideline so as to verify that the woods will be kept up for assets and different qualities. This is where the possibility of ranger service starts. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry expresses this about the subsequent stage, It as a rule includes an incorporated, dictator, non-biological, managerial methodology dependent on enactment and guideline instead of on an information on how woodlands develop, how they react to the board, and how environments work (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This managerial methodology for the most part winds up fizzling, and there is acknowledgment that administration will possibly work if procedures that are on top of the natural attributes of the territory are considered. This stage was clear in the United States when the U.S. Agency of Forestry was made in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the advancement of an environmentally stable technique to ranger service. Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry :: Environment Conservation Growth Agriculture Paper Issues Within the Discipline of Forestry The possibility of ranger service as in we realize it today is just around 400 years of age. Ranger service grew principally out of the requirement for a persistent gracefully of wood items. There were a couple of timberland holds for chasing or conservation in Europe, however dealing with a woods for various assets is very new. There are four phases that practically all social orders have experienced when attempting to build up this thought of ranger service. The primary stage has to do with the unregulated maltreatment of backwoods items to be utilized as vitality, building supplies and furthermore to be cleared to clear a path for farming area. This makes a sort of domino impact on woodlands all over. The overexploitation of territorial backwoods implies there will be a shortage of items that are viewed as important, which thus prompts the maltreatment of progressively remote timberlands and the overexploitation of them et cetera. In the United States this stage was seen with the colonization of America. Colonization started in the eastern U.S. what's more, accordingly prompted the obliteration of timberlands there. Individuals required woodland supplies to manufacture their homes and cultivates, and when the provincial timberlands were nearly drained they started taking assets from peripheral backwoods (Kimmins, 1992). The U.S. before colonization had an expected one billion sections of land of forested land. Constantly 1900 that zone had been diminished to 567 million sections of land (Berger, 1998, p.29). After this underlying phase of lack of regard is perceived there is a phase of guideline so as to verify that the timberlands will be kept up for assets and different qualities. This is where the possibility of ranger service starts. Hamish Kimmins in his book Balancing Act: Environmental Issues in Forestry expresses this about the subsequent stage, It ordinarily includes a concentrated, dictator, non-natural, managerial methodology dependent on enactment and guideline instead of on an information on how backwoods develop, how they react to the executives, and how biological systems work (Kimmins, 1992, p.50). This regulatory methodology generally winds up fizzling, and there is acknowledgment that administration will possibly work if procedures that are on top of the environmental qualities of the region are considered. This stage was apparent in the United States when the U.S. Authority of Forestry was made in 1891 (Kimmins, 1992). The third stage is the advancement of a naturally stable technique to ranger service.

Marxism Politcial Economy Essay -- Economics Marx

As indicated by Marxist political economy, abuse is the key factor which supports the very basics of society. By this Marxists accept abuse is more than basically a monetary wonder, yet rather a standard made through bogus awareness, which has swarmed itself inside all parts of society; extending from the state, to the very structure of the social framework. Marx accentuation on abuse lies in his conviction that the estimation of a ‘commodity’ is absolutely gotten from the amassed work exhausted to create such a decent. In spite of the fact that the ‘labour hypothesis of value’ was initially mulled over by Classical Economist, for example, Smith/Ricardo the accentuation for Marx was on work as a worth as opposed to just an expense in the creation procedure. As Dooley clarifies ‘Marx kept up that work was the sole worth making substance’ (Dooley 2005) and this point is additionally evolved by Sayer who expresses that the principal recognizing normal for Marxism ‘is the presence of work power as a commodity’. (Sayer 1979). For Marx work was the wellspring of all riches in the public arena, which would at last be changed by the bourgeoisie into ‘surplus value’ and benefit through various modern strategies, for example, specialization through division of work. Private enterpris e is a framework that energizes ‘alienation’ of the laborer as the products created are not delivered for need or want, yet rather in the quest for benefit. It’s from this idea that misuse can be clarified. Marx characterized abuse as the overflow esteem removed from the work power so as to create benefit. This would be accomplished through paying wages lower than the estimation of the item created. Such a hypothesis stays clear in the n... ...Economy. London: International Publishers. 19 - 23. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. third ed. London: Penguin. 219. Marx, K and Engels, F (2002). The Communist Manifesto. third ed. London: Penguin. 258. Powell, B and Skarbek, D. (2004). Sweatshops and Third World Living Standards. The Independent Institute. 53 (1), 6, 10. Sayer, Derek (1979). Marx's Method Ideology, Science and Critque in Capital. second ed. Brighton: The Harvester Press Limited. 44-45. Sumner Colin (1979). Perusing Ideologies an examination in to the Marxist hypothesis of philosophy and law. London: Academic Press Inc. 44. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p43. Woodley, Daniel (2009). Political Ideologies. Spain: p42 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/howdy/business/7242492.stm (2008) http://www.indexmundi.com/bangladesh/gdp_real_growth_rate.html

5 Tips to Writing a Childrens Book Thats Memorable (And Marketable)

5 Tips to Writing a Childrens Book Thats Memorable (And Marketable) The first things to get out of the way are the obvious pieces of advice. These are reiterated across dozens of forums and blogs: know your target demographic, narrow down your book category, and know the childrens book market. Though this might feel like three separate pieces of advice, they all boil down to one idea: follow the format.Writers love to break rules, make mistakes, and push boundaries. Writers also want their work to be seen, and they want to make a living with their writing: that means getting published. To have a realistic chance of being published, a childrens book needs to meet the expectations of the publisher. There are three primary reasons publications have such seemingly strict requirements: logistical, traditional, and marketing requirements.To have a realistic chance of being published, a childrens book needs to meet the expectations of the publisher. There are three primary reasons publications have such seemingly strict requirements: logistical, traditional , and marketing requirements. Photo by Ben White on Unsplash.Logistical limitations: Know where you will publishNo matter your work, there are logistical limitations in publishing. If you want to produce a book of an unusual size â€" very small, or as large as a small child â€" then the number of publishing houses who can work with you is greatly reduced. Most publishing houses simply lack the equipment to make your dreams of a two-foot by three-foot storybook a reality, even if that is the big selling point of your work. The same is true of length: there are particular word counts for each product and age group which will â€" on average â€" increase profits for the publishing house. For the 3-7 age range, about 750 words seems to be the sweet spot with very few exceptions.When a company prints many books, it benefits them to print books of a similar size and length â€" it streamlines the production process. If you ask a company to change their business plan to accommodate your need s as an author, you are less likely to get pushback than you are simple radio silence from their human resources department. Simply said, it may be best to determine possible publishers before you start writing, or get a general idea of the industry standards for childrens books.Traditional limitations: Breaking away from traditionDont feel constrained by the industrys expectations of your work, but do take them into account before you begin writing. If you are seeking traditional publishing, make every effort to adjust your work so that it fits the industry standards described above, without sacrificing the parts of your story that make it unique or appealing. If your publishing plan is more flexible then there are a number of self-publishing routes which may make sense for your work. Unfortunately, many of the costs in non-digital self-publishing are born by the author. For childrens books especially it is often important to provide illustrations which are costly and require a pro fessional; and for new authors it may not be feasible to pay up-front for large print runs necessary to produce economies of scale.The solution is to take your time. Submit to traditional publishing houses first, and rely upon self-publishing next, and only after you have assessed the risks and your own budget. Dont close off opportunities due to your own bias: traditional publishing is not so restrictive as you might imagine, and self-publishing is not nearly so easy or profitable as some authors make it seem. Finally, beware of scams.Marketing requirements: Niche and questionable contentIt may seem basic, but it is important to ensure that your work doesnt have any glaring complications for publishers in terms of content. Childrens stories should usually distance themselves from ideological claims, except where that ideological claim would be considered an obvious truth by the target audience. For instance, encouraging children to attend to their homework is much less controversia l than encouraging children to learn how to fight or defend themselves. The first moral would be considered an obvious truth and the second would not, though arguably each skill is valuable.It is also important to distinguish questionable content from niche content. What may be questionable in a general sense may be progressive within a certain community. A book promoting self-defense and self-discipline may find a target audience in certain martial arts classes or communities. It is an especially strong strategy, if you have niche or specialized knowledge, to use that knowledge to produce content that others cannot.Equally valid is the attempt to make questionable content less questionable, or to expand a niche idea to a wider community. Progressive childrens literature can be very marketable if you engage with an interest that is starting to become widely accepted, such as the idea that female children should be pursuing technical (STEM) learning. This is the marketing lever behin d Andrea Beatys Rosie Revere, Engineer. Less successful are works which engage with universally difficult subjects: suicide, religion, politics â€" basically anything you wouldnt bring up at a big family dinner. Still, these books can and do get published. If in doubt, ask yourself this question: is the content of my work impacting the appeal of my story?Progressive childrens literature can be very marketable if you engage with an interest that is starting to become widely accepted, such as the idea that female children should be pursuing technical (STEM) learning. Photo by Thought Catalog on Unsplash.Content vs. appealIn writing, content is the take-away concept from a work, and appeal is the reason readers picked up the book in the first place. The appeal of Harry Potter, for instance, is the fantasy world described by J.K. Rowling in which wizards cast spells, and wherein dragons, elves, and flying cars add excitement to each school year. The content that leaves a lasting impress ion are the themes of loyalty, bravery, and friendship. When writing your work, it is important to balance each of these concepts, and to be aware that content and appeal are often at odds.A series with a high amount of appeal will often be considered content-less. A good example of this is the R.L. Stine Goosebump books which teachers often denigrate for their lack of content and reliance on gross textual imagery and shocking cover illustrations. Still, there is no reason a work cannot have high appeal, and respectable content: most Dr. Seuss books are highly appealing to their target audience. His books use rhyming words and vibrant colors, but they also develop vocabulary which is age appropriate, and often teach a moral, such as the theme in Green Eggs and Ham, which is try something before you decide you dont like it.In some cases, like when marketing to a niche community, either content or appeal will take precedence. Certainly, Rosie Revere, Engineer is often purchased for it s content â€" it teaches little girls that they can work in stereotypically male-dominated positions, and books like Captain Underpants are bought for their appeal â€" kids like them. That being said, neither appeal nor content can be ignored. Captain Underpants is a series with high appeal, loved by kids, but also loved by any parent who is struggling to help their child become interested in books.Parents vs. childrenMany book blogs tell you to discover your best idea or develop your main character, but they dont give a reason to do so other than a vague sense of authorial merit â€" and that may be a very real reason to ask these questions. A more cynical reason to choose your content carefully is that, mostly, you are writing for the parents of the children, rather than the children themselves.As a rule of thumb, parents seek out content and children read books based on appeal. Of course, ignoring either appeal or content is a mistake, but often-times a book can get by with more o f one than the other. The younger the reader, the more you should consider the parent, and the more important content becomes. Stories like I Love you to the Moon and Back, by Amelia Hepworth are purchased by parents, and are designed to appeal in terms of style and content, to parents. By contrast, as children grow older and make more of their own decisions regarding their reading choices, series with reoccurring characters and plenty of content seem popular: Rick Riordans Percy Jackson series, the Animorphs from my childhood, or the currently quite popular Warrior Cats series. These are each in-line with Goosebumps in terms of their writing quality, and obviously favor appeal over content, usually eschewing dangerous/controversial subjects to retain their marketability.Last wordAs a writer, an editor, and an academic in the sphere of Young Adult literature, I have only one further piece of advice to offer writers of childrens books, and of literature in general. In writing, there are very precise guidelines â€" word counts, page numbers, punctuation styles and other best-practices. All of these things can be ignored, but rarely should be. When you are choosing whether to go with the industry standard, or break a rule, ask yourself: is it necessary to break this rule, to tell the story that needs to be told, or am I simply breaking the rule because I have a general sense that it would be better to do so? If you dont need to break the rule, or you cant define exactly why your way is better, than always â€" always â€" lean towards keeping the rule intact and following the format. Exceptions to a rule are just that â€" exceptions.

Literary Analysis Philip Barry - 1812 Words

As far as great American playwrights go, Philip Barry is one of the best. Born in Rochester, New York in 1896 to a family of Irish immigrants, Barry immediately took to literature and writing at a young age (http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2003/jul/4/20030704-090210-3889r/). In the 1919 Philip Barry started his career as a playwright, which he maintained right up until his death. His first play Autonomy won a Dramat Award from Yale as he was finishing his studies there. From then on, his works have spanned nearly every genre, many mediums, and have continued to captivate and entertain audiences. Philip Barry was a smart and well-educated man who learned quickly what drew audiences in to see shows, but first he knew his strengths.†¦show more content†¦In this genre, the upper class were often made fun of, the working class was the hero, the guy always gets the girl, and miscommunication and misunderstandings are all the rage. Barry thrived in this genre, because he knew how to craft misunderstandings and miscommunications like the genius he was. What could be funnier than a smart person being fooled or confused? Barry s works were beloved, he knew how to make audiences laugh, while falling in love with smart, crafty characters who were in love, but who could make mistakes and be wrong, because at the end of the day they were rich and in love; what more could anyone want? While his acclaim and notoriety has faded over the century his works still rouse audiences as a large chunk of his plays have been adapted into movies. His first play to bring him massive success was You and I (1922), originally called The Jilts, which wouldn t be made into a film until 1931. Paris Bound, however, was the first play to make it to the big screen in 1929; a few scant months before the fall of the market and the beginning of the Great Depression. Paris Bound, directed by Edward H. Griffith, stars Ann Harding as Mary Hutton and Fredric March as James/Jim Hutton as a newly married couple. The opening scene shows their vows and wedding ceremony. The premise of the film and play revolve around the couple s worry that, like their parents and many other marriedShow MoreRelatedEssay British Poetry4052 Words   |  17 PagesEngland. The 1970s saw a fair amount of polemic concerning the discontinuities of the national traditions, most of it concerned with poetry, all of it vulnerable to a blunt totalizing which demonstrated the triumphant ability of nation to organize literary study and judgment--as it does still, perhaps more than ever. It remains the case twenty years later that there is a strong hint of the majority of the english poets to rediscover their ‘Englishness’ as a poet, and at the same time the presenceRead MoreExegetical Paper of James 2 18 262811 Words   |  12 PagesProfessor Dr. Steve Waechter In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course â€Å"Greek Language Tools† – NGRK505 By Steven B. Darden Burleson, TX March 8, 2015 Contents Introduction 4 Context 5 Historical-Cultural Context 5 Literary Context 6 Analysis of Text 7 James 2:18-19: Objections to False Faith 7 James 2:20-24: Examples of Faith 9 Verses 2:25-26: Rahab 11 Conclusion 11 Appendix A: Block Diagram of James 2:18-26 Using the ESV Bible 13 Introduction Throughout the history ofRead MoreExegetical Paper on James 2:18-263102 Words   |  13 PagesSteve Waechter In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course â€Å"Greek Language Tools† – NGRK505 By Steven B. Darden Burleson, TX March 8, 2015 Contents Introduction 4 Context 5 Historical-Cultural Context 5 Literary Context 6 Analysis of Text 7 James 2:18-19: Objections to False Faith 7 James 2:20-24: Examples of Faith 9 Verses 2:25-26: Rahab 11 Conclusion 11 Appendix A: Block Diagram of James 2:18-26 Using the ESV Bible 13 Introduction Throughout theRead MoreLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 Pages Bildungsroman From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search In literary criticism, a Bildungsroman (German pronunciation: [ˈbÉ ªldÊŠÅ‹s.Ê oËÅ'maË n]; German: novel of formation, education, culture),[a] novel of formation, novel of education,[2] or coming-of-age story (though it may also be known as a subset of the coming-of-age story) is a literary genre that focuses on the psychological and moral growth of the protagonist from youth to adulthood (coming of age),[3]Read MoreMuseum and Tourism25584 Words   |  103 Pages4. CASE STUDIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Gà ¶teborgs Stadsmuseum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Reykjavik Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Comparison on GSM and RM. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4. SWOT-analysis regarding the museums and tourism. 5. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 37 40 43 47Read MoreMus eum and Tourism25591 Words   |  103 Pages4. CASE STUDIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1. Gà ¶teborgs Stadsmuseum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.2. Reykjavik Museum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3. Comparison on GSM and RM. . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4. SWOT-analysis regarding the museums and tourism. 5. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . APPENDIX. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 37 40 43 47Read MoreMarketing Literature Review11908 Words   |  48 PagesRoutinized response, Brand loyal, Switchers, Pure variety seeking, Statistical analysis, Implications.] 4 The Impact of Affect on Memory of Advertising. Tim Ambler and Tom Burne, Journal of Advertising Research, 39 (March/April 1999), pp. 25–34. [Literature review, Model testing, Hypotheses, Experiment, Brain locations, Recognition and recall, Propranolol, Placebos, Assess ment, Managerial implications.] 5 A Multivariate Analysis of Web Usage. Pradeep K. Korgaonkar and Lori D. Wolin, Journal of AdvertisingRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 PagesSt. Elizabeth, Jamaica; Elaine Bortner and Philip Hirai from Jamaica Wesleyan Bible College, Savanna-la-mar, Jamaica; and Roger Ringerberg, Jamaica Theological Seminary, Kingston, Jamaica. 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Contents   Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Characters * 2  Plot * 3  Sources * 4  Date and text * 5  Themes and motifs * 5.1  Ambition * 5.2  Masculinity * 6  Analysis * 6.1  As a tragedy of character * 6.2  As a tragedy of moral order * 6.3  As a poetic tragedy * 6.4  Witchcraft and evil * 7  Superstition and the Scottish play * 8  Legacy * 8.1  Performance history Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory focuses attention on the human issues in organization ‘There is nothing so practical as a good theory’ How Roethlisberger developed a ‘practical’ organization theory Column 1: The core contributing social sciences Column 2: The techniques for analysis Column 3: The neo-modernist perspective Column 4: Contributions to business and management Four combinations of science, scientific technique and the neo-modernist approach reach different parts of the organization Level 1: Developing the organization

Coming of Age in Mississippi and Segregation Essay

Coming of Age in Mississippi is an autobiography of the famous Anne Moody. Moody grew up in mist of a Civil Rights Movement as a poor African American woman in rural Mississippi. Her story comprises of her trials and tribulations from life in the South during the rise of the Civil Rights movement. Life during this time embraced segregation, which made life for African Americans rough. As an African American woman growing up during the Civil Rights movement, Moody has a unique story on themes like work and racial consciousness present during this time. Moody’s position as an African American woman provides a unique insight into these themes through her story. As a little girl, Moody would sit on the porch of her house watch her parents go†¦show more content†¦I liked everything about the Johnson’s house†¦ It was everything ours wasn’t† (Moody 41). This was the beginning of her racial consciousness between whites and blacks. However, fully under standing what was going on around her in the world between white and blacks would be very difficult for a young girl. Even though this is a very basic theme of segregation, this was the first experience Moody had to it, and it was the beginning to her charge for equality. Through work, Moody would slowly start to realize more things about segregation and how it impacts African Americans and her life. As Moody grew up in the South, in the middle of the Civil Rights Movement, she began to understand segregation on a larger context. Her work experiences tell us a lot about racial segregation and inequality. As work offered women new opportunities outside the house, it was different for African American women. They would work in trades least affected by mechanism, like domestic services, such as maids for white families. Moody and her mother both worked to help support the family and worked domestic service jobs. After Linda Mae moves away, Moody had to work somewhere to help support th e family, so she worked for Mrs. Burke, even though she was very racist. Moody explains the reason she stuck with it and worked for Mrs. Burke, â€Å"I had to help secure that plate of beans† (Moody 116). Moody and African Americans a like, were working for more than just makingShow MoreRelatedAnne Moody s Coming Of Age881 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Moody, Anne. Coming of Age in Mississippi. New York: Dial, 1968. Print.† Anne Moody was a determined, educated, and an inspiring civil rights activist who was born in Gloster, Mississippi. Born on September 15th, 1940-passed away February 5th, 2015 Anne Moody dedicated her life to making the United States a better place for not only African American’s, but pleaded for equality amongst all races as well. Awarded best book of the year in 1969 by the National Library Association, Anne Moody writesRead MoreEssay on Anne Moodys Involvement in the Civil Rights Movement1375 Words   |  6 Pages Coming of Age in Mississippi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Moody’s Coming of Age in Mississippi, talked extensively about the civil rights movement that she had participated in. The civil rights movement dealt with numerous issues that many people had not agreed with. Coming of Age in Mississippi gave the reader a first hand look at the efforts many people had done to gain equal rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Anne Moody, like many other young people, joined the civil rights movement because they wanted to make a difference in theirRead MoreAnalytical Review Of Anne Moody s Coming1438 Words   |  6 Pages America s Civil Rights History Analytical review of Anne Moody’s Coming to Age in Mississippi Plot Summary The novel, Coming to Ages in Mississippi traces the lives of an African American family, their various experiences, struggles, and contrasts of ideas, as well as depicting the racial discrimination that characterized their environment. It then shows struggles by the black community in fighting for racial discrimination. It begins with a description of Anne’s family that consist ofRead MoreLife of Anne Moody Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pages Anne Moody has gone through such an exceptionally eventful life that she was able to transform it into a powerful book, A Coming of Age in Mississippi. All of Annes childhood not only prepared her for her involvement in the movement during the 1960s, but also kept her inspired and motivated. Anne Moody sees a lot of ups and downs, which causes her to have depressing set backs from time to time. As told through out the book, describing her first twenty-four-years, her uncertainty is justifiedRead MoreAnne Moody s Coming Of Age897 Words   |  4 PagesAnne Moody, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Anne known as Essie Mae found out the meaning of racism at a young age and also see or heard what whites do to black people if they did not like what they was doing. She did not know that whites and blacks had their own place to sit and eat or why whites went to one school and blacks went to another. She just assumes that whites went to the school that was close to their neighborhood, but Essie Mae experience her first meaning of segregation when she metRead More Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay example639 Words   |  3 Pagesactivist and NAACP member tried to organize a meeting, the Principle Willis, who is an Uncle Tom, tattled on him. Samuel was shot by a mob of white men. The first experience of a civil rights movement was when she was attending Natchez College in Mississippi. The lunch lady served food with maggots in it. The cook, Miss Harris, knew that the food was spoiled but didn’t care. Anne organized a prot est and it was successful. This was a hint of what was yet to come from Anne. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;BlacksRead MoreAfrican American Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay1313 Words   |  6 PagesComing of Age In Mississippi The 1950’s and 1960’s remains the most controversial and momentous decades for the nation to this day. The civil rights movement was to end racial segregation and end all prejudice against African Americans. Whether it was voting rights, rights to sit wherever one liked, or to love someone outside of ones race; racist people at this time were reluctant to have equality. These civil rights movements challenged and demanded to be heard through protest and nonviolentRead MoreComing Of Age By Anne Moody1536 Words   |  7 Pagesmeaning to life. They were irrelevant. Whites wanted no part in them. This was especially the case in the state of Mississippi. Anne Moody, writer of the autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi explains the importance of the civil rights movement in the state of Mississippi and the influence it had on her life and her viewpoint. Growing up as a poor African American in Mississippi was not always an easy, especially in the 1960’s. It was a time where everyone was segregated. Blacks and whites wereRead MoreThe Monograph Coming of age in Mississippi1286 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ MONOGRAPH PAPER COMING OF AGE IN MISSISSIPPI Coming of Age in Mississippi by Anne Moody was published on 1968. This autobiography is memoires of Anne Moody about growing up poor and black in the rural Mississippi. The book was divided into four parts from childhood until her late 20s that described the experiences of Anne Moody in the Civil Rights Movement and her struggles against  racism. Anne Moody was born in the 1940s which was the time after World War IIRead MoreComing Of Age Throughout Mississippi, By Anne Moody1554 Words   |  7 PagesMoody’s autobiography, Coming of Age in Mississippi, Moody’s life is told through her eyes. It goes through her childhood until her participation in the Civil Rights movement. One of the major parts in the book is her slowly realizing the racial divide in America and the disadvantages that her skin color had come with. All the racism Moody experienced as a child until she was an adolescent led to her decision to become part of the Civil Rights movement. Growing up in rural Mississippi was a childhood filled

Tv Channels Project India in a Bad Light Free Essays

TV Channels project India in a bad light Recently the rise of consumerism and a spurt in the number of satellites in the vicinity of our planet have led to rise in the number of TV Channels as well as their viewers across the country. We have specialized channels that cater to the different categories of human taste viz entertainment, music, news,sports,etc. The wider availability of channels helps the viewer to opt among them as per his or her choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Tv Channels Project India in a Bad Light or any similar topic only for you Order Now The news channels which are clubbed together in a word ‘media’ is one of the pillars of democracy. It is the moral duty of these news channels to bring the truth in front of the masses. Talking about our country,a nation which is second largest in the world in the terms of population and the largest effective electorate is truly an exemplar of democracy. Like any other nation,it is also laden with issues-both domestic as well as of international concerns. These news channels bear the social responsibility of imparting the news, the happenings,the incidents or accidents which should be nothing but the truth. Also the RTI Act empowers any common Indian citizen to go to the depths of affairs and have access to information povide its disclosure does not pose a grave threat to the security and integrity of the nation. The ‘truer’ picture sometimes become harsh and pretty inconvenient to be comestible but scandals and other activities of corruption need to be brought to general awareness. And, it is not only the darker side of affairs, it is also about the achievements and the milestones the country makes in the various spheres-sports, science, humanities,etc. We have several programmes on the national television that are oriented towards the cultural and economic welfare-be it related to the promotion of agriculture,tourism,industry,services,etc. Besides there are programmmes which highlight the nations prosperity, its geographical and cultural diversity and also encourage communal harmony. The consumer oriented channels which basically thrive on the TRP ratings,drama and screenplay is of prime concern to them which helps in a maintaining a certain class of audience bound to it. The audience is engrossed as the way the theme is displayed has a glamour, a pomp and show associated with it. For this, they may exaggerate certain situations or circumstances. Nonetheless,they impart a social message under the rosy spicy recipe of drama-be it child marriage,female foeticide,’honour’ killings,terrorism, etc. And, when a guy from the lower strata of society manages to win 5 crores in a game show by the dint of his knowledge and labour besides a grace of fortune,it clearly sends a strong signal to the society about the reachability of the capital to the masses. Last but not the least,the image of the news channels and the media might have been tainted over the issue of ‘paid’ news and the dubious string operations but their importance cannot be undermined as a source of public information. There are reality shows which do not miss a opportunity to jeer at the widespread corruption but yes, one needs to appreciate them for their creativity for the ways they adopt to entertain people. It was an eminent personality of Bollywood who blogged regarding a movie getting Oscars with an acerbic response that the jury gets a kind of emotional satisfaction watching the widespread Indian poverty and the slums which the director of the movie has encashed upon. If that be the bitter truth, so be it. There are movies which highlight the unity , the cultural diversity , the celebrations in our country. It would be too early to conclude that TV Channels project our nation in a bad light. Frankly speaking, a sugar coated truth is the better word. Allowing mobile phones in class make students less serious in studies The world is getting smaller and we are living in the era of a ‘global village’ where communication and the exchange of ideas happens within the wink of an eye. Information is the key and the power,truly. And, there are several tools and gadgets that facilitate this flow of information. From print media to digital and electonic media, which are primarily used as means of mass communication, we have telephones and mobile phones which are important means of personal communication. Moreover, the recent splurge in the usage of gizmos and gazettes among the generation Y and the youngsters has becomea fad and a status symbol rather than a necessity and mobiles are no exception to it. Their use is not confined to a mere tete-a tete but incorporates several varied applications which diversifies their usage. And a modern day youngster would not be satisfied with a simple Nokia 3600 or1100. He or she would go for the more sophisticated or sleek designs provide there is no hole in the pocket created. Now, coming to the usage of mobile phones inside a class, there are norms which are both discipilnary and moral and make sufficient common sense,whch direct both the teacher/professor and the students who are partcipating in a lecture to put off their cells or keep them in such a mode which aviodsunnecessary distraction. But even the norms which are rarely followed in totto, and even when followed put a cap or restriction to their use as they are intended to. Ina large gatheing being addressed and lectured to,where it becomes increasingly difficult to keep track of each and every student, there are hubs created inside the class where students fail to get engrossed in the monotonous lectures and find their own ways to do away with the time to which cellphones prove to be a great aid. It may include sharing information regarding the latest cell that the neighbour has recently bought, or texting to the pal sitting at the other corner regarding the shabby outlook of the professor,to playing games like snakes,tetris or other advanced versions to listening to songs and watching videos(of all kinds) on the tiny screen. The world of SMSes ahs virtually made the students handicapped of writing anything sincerely as they still cannot help writing those abbreviations of informal chat even when they are writing an answer to aquestion which clearly indicates to their frivolous attitude. Adding to the worse of it,these students would just take a snapshot of te notes of a sincere and laborious classmate thinking that it would suffice and save my time and labour getting ‘wasted’. One may put forth the argument that even during the non mobile days there were always a section of students who were a source of nuisance and distraction by their activities . But the inadvertent entry of mobiles inside the classes provide innumerable creative ways to bolster their activities. A serious student who is trying his/her best to concentrate and attend the lecture would surely look askance at the slim mobile phone his pals are discussingabout for long. Now this seriously puts forward 2 very primary questions;first,why the pattern of education becomes so dread ful and tedious which call s for the students to distract and second, why cant we cater to the students interests and inclinations so that they are provided room to choose the lecture they want to attend? Mobile phones are just the present and a lame excuse for ignorance,we need to find the root cause and address it prooperly rather than to contemplate over its complete ban or usage. However, a partial ban like prohibiting its use during the class hours and allowing only after it, seems a temporary but an effective solution as per the need of the hour. How to cite Tv Channels Project India in a Bad Light, Essay examples

Feudalism Crusades Renaissance Essay Example For Students

Feudalism Crusades Renaissance Essay Medieval writers classified people into three groups: Those who fought (Nobles and Knights) Those who prayed (Men and Women of the Church) Those who worked (Peasants) Most peasants were serfs (People who could not lawfully leave the place where they were born) Manor- the lords estate The lord provided the serfs with housing, farmland, and protection from bandits. Crusades The numerous clashes between Christians and Muslims for control of the Holy Lands of the Middle East Had economic, social, and political goals as well as religious motives. (Muslims controlled Palestine (Holy Land) and threatened Constantinople. Byzantine emperor in Constantinople appealed to Christians to stop Muslim attacks. The pope wanted to reclaim Palestine and reunite Christendom which had split into Eastern and Western branches) Kings and the church saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of knights that fought each other. Those who participated in the Crusades were younger sons who, unlike eldest sons, did not stand to inherit their fathers property. They were looking for land and position in society or for adventure. Concordat of Worms The First Crusade and Second Crusade Pope Urban II launched the first Crusades (He called on Christians to drive the Turks out of Anatolia and recover Jerusalem from Muslim rule) The Crusaders captured Jerusalem and massacred its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. They established a Latin Christian Kingdom that lasted about a century (Subsequent popes called for further Crusades) Pope Urban call for the first Crusade brought a lot of religious feeling and support Those who died in the Crusade were assured a place in heaven Battle cry: God wills Most of the Crusaders were French )Bohemians, Germans, Englishmen, Scoots, Italians, and Spaniards also Joined) The Crusaders were ill-prepared for war in the first Crusades (Many did not know of the geography, climate, or culture of the Holy in the south) four feudal Crusader states were carved out of this territory and each were ruled by a European noble Crusader states were vulnerable to Muslim counterattack. The Third Crusade The Third Crusade to recapture Jerusalem was led by three of Rupees most powerful monarchs (Philip II Augustus of France, German emperor Frederick I Barbarous, and the English king, Richard the Lion-Hearted) Philip argued with Richard and went home, Barbarous drowned. Richard was left to lead the Crusades in an attempt to regain the Holy Land from Salads (Muslim leader) They were both great warriors After many battles, the two agreed to truce in 1192. Jerusalem remained under Muslim rule Salads promised unarmed Christian pilgrims could freely visit the city holy places The Fourth Crusade Failed to capture Jerusalem Knights did not reach the Holy Lands Crusading Spirit Disappears In asses four more Crusades failed Search for personal gain grew The Childrens Crusade Took place in 1212 Thousands of Children set out to conquer Jerusalem Stephen of Closes (age 12) led a group in France. 30,000 children under 18 Joined him Many died from cold and starvation, others drowned or were sold into slavery In Germany, Nicholas of Cologne gathered about 20,000 children and young adults. They began marching towards Rome Thousands did in the cold and crossing of the Alps When the rest arrived to Rome they met the pope and he told them to go home and wait until they were older 2,000 survived the trip home Spanish Crusade In Spain, Muslims controlled most of the country until asses. The Reconstitutes- a long effort by the Spanish to drive the Muslims out of Spain By late asses, the Muslims only held the small kingdom of Granddad Granddad fell to the Christian army of the monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella To bring their country under Christianity and increase their power, the monarchs made use of the Inquisition (a court held by the Church to suppress heresy Many Jews and Muslims in Spain converted to Christianity Effects of the Crusades European merchants who lived in Crusade states expanded trade between Europe and Southwest Asia Lessened the power of the pope Weakened feudal nobility Increased power of the kings

The Time To Choose Is Now free essay sample

# 8230 ; Essay, Research Paper A fatigued traveller approaches a glade in a wood where a disguised adult female stands. # 8220 ; Where am I? # 8221 ; he asks. Silence. The adult female, alternatively, counters with a inquiry of her ain. # 8220 ; I greet you at the Crossroads of Time, my friend. Or is it foe? Would you like to experience my love or to experience my wrath? It is but your choice. # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I # 8212 ; make non cognize you, but # 8212 ; # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Answer right! # 8221 ; # 8220 ; I hope to be a friend, although # 8212 ; # 8221 ; # 8220 ; Then you shall larn much, # 8221 ; she interrupted. Out of her cloak emerged a slim, delicate manus, gesticulating upwards as if keeping a delicate object. An image projected out of that ghost-like thenar, demoing three waies. Although muffled, the figure spoke: # 8220 ; Three waies lie in the journey of life # 8230 ; three really different paths. # 8221 ; The gloss focused on the left-hand transition. # 8220 ; To the left you see a waste land where merely the Devil dares to dwell. We will write a custom essay sample on The Time To Choose Is Now or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page # 8221 ; As she spoke, a column of white fire erupted from the dead Earth. # 8220 ; The class on the right shows an ageless Eden filled with olympian phenomena raising vitamin D merely by the holy God.† Multi-colored animals glide through the clear sky. She paused, gazing at the in-between way. Filled with unsure fright, she tightened her regard upon the projection. Finally, the adult female spoke. # 8220 ; Towards the in-between lies a way, cloaked with intangible woods, where merely the bravest enter. # 8221 ; She stared straight into the alien # 8217 ; s eyes before go oning. # 8220 ; Those who go in neer come out. # 8221 ; The adult female tilted her caput somewhat, leting a little shaft of visible radiation to perforate the at hand darkness. Looking to read his head, she repeated the inquiry he mentally asked. # 8220 ; Why? Because of an indestructible danger? Or of a pleasance so great that it gives no leave. That is for you, vagabond, to happen out. # 8221 ; The cryptic figure held his eyes and began one time more, # 8220 ; Now I ask you, alien. Which way would be yours? # 8221 ; At those last words her dark gloss disappeared go forthing the awestruck adult male standing in forepart of three transitions. He shivered and glanced at the adult female, happening that she was gone and simply hearing her grim voice. # 8220 ; Which way would be yours? # 8221 ; the forest echoed.

Hostile Environment Essay Example

Hostile Environment Essay Example Hostile Environment Essay Hostile Environment Essay Hostile Environment Harassment occurs when unwanted sexual conduct interferes with a persons work. This interference doesnt necessarily have to be of a material nature which can be valued in monetary terms but it can be anything which makes the work environment intimidating. Hostile Environment Harassment is also often associated with verbal misconduct which embarrasses or humiliates a victim, which in turn could lead to lower job satisfaction and performance. (Barry Shaw, 1998) Quid-Pro-Quo Harassment is when a person uses his authority in the workplace to seek sexual favors from other employees. In this case rewards and punishments are associated with the compliance the victim (Barry Shaw, 1998). This again leads to a very negative outlook towards job motivation because here the way to the top is not portrayed to be hard work but rather the sexual favors one can do for their supervisors or managers. Besides lower job satisfaction and reduced productivity, sexual harassment hampers the target mentally as well. They lose their self-esteem and blame themselves for what has happened to them (Ackroyd Thompson, 1994). In Pakistan, considering the patriarchal social structure where most companies do not even have policies regarding sexual harassment and some which do, are not implemented or observed properly, women do not even come forward with their problems. They feel shame for what has happened, and might fear seclusion from the society which blames the woman for what has happened and ostracizes her. There is always the matter of honor which is one of the leading causes for suicide in Pakistan. The biggest problem in our society is that we dont accept the fact that sexual harassment exists. Pakistani society, being an Islamic society should be more concerned about this because of the rights and the status Islam gives to women. In Islam women and men are given similar rights and duties. Women are allowed to own property, earn money and to express their opinion. What our society needs is for companies to have strict policies regarding sexual harassment. Sexual harassment should be clearly defined and the ways to proceed with a complaint should also be outlined. Most importantly the policy should also respect the privacy of the victim so that people dont have too much trouble coming forward with their complaints. Mentorship in organizations A mentor is an experienced or more senior person in the organization who gives a junior person special attention, such as giving advice and creating opportunities to assist him or her during the early stages of his or her career (Johns Saks, 1996). From an organizations point of view mentoring makes sure that the company culture and beliefs are transferred from one generation of employees to the next. It provides new employees with the information he needs to know so as to excel within the organization and in the process be an important asset to the company. At the same time she/he learns how to deal with his superiors, peers, etc (Vinnicombe Colwill, 1995). Proper mentorship has been linked to lowered levels of job stress (Johns Saks, 1996). Once again this poses a problem for women because most of the senior people in the organization are men. The problem arises as most of the male mentors are inexperienced when it comes to dealing with women. The problems they faced as they moved up through the organizations hierarchy might be quite different from the ones a woman would face thus the mentors would not be able to provide much help. When mentors undertake an apprentice under their mentorship its usually because they can reflect back to the time they had started work in this organization and they see their own past in the new young employee. So if the new employee is a woman, it is difficult for the mentors to identify themselves with the new employee. (Vinnicombe Colwill, 1995) Besides this whenever there is a lot of interaction between a senior man and a young new female employee people start perceiving their relationship as having a sexual nature (Johns Saks, 1996). This hinders the development of a productive working relationship which could benefit the organization and at the same time provide promotion opportunities for the woman worker. Another problem which is quite prevalent in our society is the father-daughter relationship. Females are always considered as Daddys little girl (Vinnicombe Colwill, 1995). They are always pampered and not made independent as is the case with males. This problem creeps up into organizations as well when senior male mentors consider their young female apprentices as their daughters and continue to pamper them and not really make them independent enough to handle the work without the presence of the mentor himself. It is often heard that behind the success of every man, there is a woman. This belief has led to an inherent bias in peoples mind which makes them think that theres a hard working man with a woman assisting him. This is labeled as the the assistant-to effect (Vinnicombe Colwill, 1995). Here if there is a male mentor and a female apprentice, the roles are often seen shifting from a mentor-apprentice relationship to a worker-helper relationship where the apprentice does learn the work, but once again not well enough to take over the work of the mentor when hes no longer there. According to a study it has been proved that mentoring plays a major role in career development of men and women both. Studies have shown that 61% women who have made it to top management positions have had a mentor somewhere along their career path and out of these 99% admit that their mentor played an important role in their progress through the organizational hierarchy. (Johns Saks, 1996) Conclusion Although the participation rate of women in the labor force has increased over the years. Being only 43% in 1970 and rising to 61% in 2003 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Fig. 2). The working conditions or the workplace still has to undergo some major changes before they are completely free of gender biased thinking. For the women to be on the same level as men in the workplace they will have to move on from the expressive roles that the functionalists argue as an important function of the society. According to Marx and the conflict perspective, it is the constant struggle between the proletariat and the bourgeois, in this case between the women and the men accordingly, which will lead to the necessary reforms being made in the workplace.

Why are passwords and other good information security technologies Essay

Why are passwords and other good information security technologies compromised by the people who use them What can we do to improve their contribution to information security - Essay Example Password attacks can be implemented by means of numerous diverse techniques, involving Trojan horse programs, brute-force attacks, packet sniffers and IP spoofing. While IP spoofing and packet sniffers are able to produce user accounts and passwords, password harasses usually refer to frequent efforts to recognize an user account and password; these repeated cracks are called brute-force attacks (Johnson, 2007). By means of the term information security we recognize an intellect of possible risks implicated in the sensitivity of the information. With information technologies coming into the view the image broadens its limits. At this instant it turns out to be essential to recognize the nature of hazard involved and next there should be a well-formulated description of the term safety itself (Rantasaari et al, 2003). In broad sense, there are necessarily three sides of the term security. Primarily, it shows the accessibility of assets, though material or virtual, that is beneath possession of an entity or grouping. Secondly, there is a sense of privacy involved in this practice in view to these assets, in this case data, dealings and communication. Third and as a final point, there should be an awareness of truthfulness which allows the user or users to consider in the context of security (Goldwasser et al, 2007). Here I will explain how passwords and other good information security technologies compromised by the people who use them. The first factor that usually causes the security leak is the sharing of the password by the people with anyone for any purpose. Passwords should not be shared with anyone because it can be casuse of information and data theaft and there is danger of accessing another individual’s protected resources, accounts and personal records. Anothre reason is not changing the passwords periodically. If we do not

Computer Forensics in Biology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer Forensics in Biology - Research Paper Example Application A structured investigation is carried out to sort out what exactly happened to the computer, when it happened, how it happened, and who did it. This is exactly like solving a murder case and performing postmortem. The operator does not know that the evident information is transparently being created and stored by the computer’s operating system, which can only be extracted through computer forensics software tools and techniques. The crimes include misuse of computer systems, attack on computer systems, using a computer system to work against another system, failure of a computer system, and the like. Though, internet identity theft has made people uncertain about shopping and selling online, checking their bank statements online, visiting auction websites, or entering into business contracts or transactions; however, computer forensics has played its part in helping law enforcement agencies in gathering digital evidence and identifying stolen identities as well as the criminals involved. Computer forensics security solutions focus not only on recovery but also on prevention of security threats in order to provide security solutions that are quicker and cheaper than the conventional techniques. These solutions include intrusion detection system (IDS), internet security system, biometric security system, net privacy system, firewall set-ups, network disaster security system, identity theft prevention system, identity management security system, and so on (Vacca 146). Basic Scientific Principles Involved It is important for computer forensic investigators to follow a structured approach to solving computer and internet-based identity theft cases. Computer crime involving ID theft can be grouped as physical security breaches, personnel security breaches, communications and data security breaches, and operations security breaches. A detailed investigation of the case requires that every security breach is analyzed independently to get a more syst ematic approach towards case solving. The digital examination of ID theft cases requires great expertise at the investigator’s end. The evidence or data that is collected is the valuable asset and has to be dealt with sensitivity, as it will help in deciding the specifications of the crime. Digital data is so delicate that it can be altered with one mistaken tap on the keyboard or one inadvertent press of a key. The forensic investigator will have to use some offline techniques in addition to online techniques. Although offline techniques are not the responsibility of a forensic investigator, but of course, he can use them to help himself toward finding the evidential data. He will have to look for any counterfeit documents, fake checks and bogus bank statements in black and white, in addition to looking for digital evidence residing inside the fraudster’s computer system.  

Studying The Future Prospective Of Nanotechnology Computer Science Essay

Studying The Future Prospective Of Nanotechnology Computer Science Essay This paper explores the present impact of nanotechnology on the consumer market. It situates the technical aspects of nanotechnology and describes some early successes of nanomaterials embraced. It includes a description of technology developments in the area of automotive industry, biomedicine, household appliances, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobubble, nanochips, healthcare and numerous other nanostructured materials with a brief description of the number of research and development activities that are in various stages of testing and qualification. II. INTRODUCTION Nanotechnology is derived from the combination of two words Nano and Technology. Nano means very small or miniature. So, Nanotechnology is the technology in miniature form. It is the combination of Bio- technology, Chemistry, Physics and Bio-informatics, et Nanotechnology is a generic term used to describe the applications that work with matter so small that it exists in the molecular and atomic realm. As the name indicates, the fundamental unit in any nanotechnology system is a nanometer, nm, which is one billionth part of a meter. Nanotechnology research shows that at such micro level, the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials are different from what they were at large scale. Nanotechnology originated in India around 16 years back. This new sphere of scientific innovation has a broader scope. Several Indian institutes have introduced degree courses in Nanotechnology at both the UG and PG levels. The areas covered in the Nanotech are Food and Beverage, Bio- Techn ology, Forensic Sciences, Genetics, Space Research, Environment industry, Medicine, Agriculture and Teaching. The fundamental idea is to harness these altered and often improved properties to develop materials, devices and systems that are superior to the existing products. For instance, breaking a material down into nanoparticles allows it to be rebuilt atom by atom, often improving material strength and decreasing weight and dimensions. Based on this concept, researchers have been able to develop a myriad of nanomaterials with amazing properties. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, also known as CSIR has set up 38 laboratories in India dedicated to research in Nanotechnology. This technology will be used in diagnostic kits, improved water filters and sensors and drug delivery. The research is being conducted on using it to reduce pollution emitted by the vehicles .Looking at the progressive prospects of Nanotechnology in India, Nanobiosym Inc., a US-based leading nanotechnology firm is planning to set up Indias first integrated nanotechnology and biomedicine technology park in Himachal Pradesh. Nanotechnology has certainly acquired. In the long term scenario, nanotechnology promises to make revolutionary advances in a variety of fields. Possible uses of nanomaterials may include the cleaning of heavily polluted sites, more effective diagnosis and treatment of cancer, cleaner manufacturing methods and much smaller and more powerful computers. III CORE CHAPTERS A. History The first use of the concepts found in nano-technology (but pre-dating use of that name) was in Theres Plenty of Room at the Bottom, a talk given by physicist Richard Feynman at an American Physical Society meeting at Caltech on December 29, 1959. Feynman described a process by which the ability to manipulate individual atoms and molecules might be developed, using one set of precise tools to build and operate another proportionally smaller set, and so on down to the needed scale. In the course of this, he noted, scaling issues would arise from the changing magnitude of various physical phenomena: gravity would become less important, surface tension and vander waals attraction would become increasingly more significant, etc. This basic idea appeared plausible, and exponential assembly enhances it with parallelism to produce a useful quantity of end products. The term nanotechnology was defined by Tokyo Science University Professor Norio Taniguchi in a 1974 paper as follows Nano-technology mainly consists of the processing of, separation, consolidation, and deformation of materials by one atom or by one molecule. In the 1980s the basic idea of this definition was explored in much more depth by Dr. K. Eric Drexler, who promoted the technological significance of nano-scale phenomena and devices through speeches and the books Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986) and Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation, and so the term acquired its current sense. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology is considered the first book on the topic of nanotechnology. Nanotechnology and nanoscience got started in the early 1980s with two major developments; the birth of cluster science and the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This development led to the discovery of fullerenes i n 1985 and carbon nanotubes a few years later. In another development, the synthesis and properties of semiconductor nanocrystals was studied; this led to a fast increasing number of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots. The atomic force microscope (AFM or SFM) was invented six years after the STM was invented. In 2000, the United States National Nanotechnology Initiative was founded to coordinate Federal nanotechnology research and development and is evaluated. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/C60a.png/175px-C60a.png Fig.1. Buckminsterfullerene C60, also known as the buckyball, is a representative member of the carbon structures known as fullerenes and is a major subject of research in nanotechnology. B. Current Research Nanomaterials field includes subfields which develop or study materials having unique properties arising from their nanoscale dimensions. Interface and colloid science has given rise to many materials which may be useful in nanotechnology, such as carbon nanotubes and other fullerenes, and various nanoparticles and nanorods. Nanomaterials with fast ion transport are related also to nanoionics and nanoelectronics. Nanoscale materials can also be used for bulk applications; most present commercial applications of nanotechnology are of this flavor. Progress has been made in using these materials for medical applications; see Nanomedicine. Nanoscale materials are sometimes used in solar cells which combats the cost of traditional Silicon solar cell. Development of applications incorporating semiconductor nanoparticles to be used in the next generation of products, such as display technology, lighting, solar cells and biological imaging; see quantum dots. 1) Top-down Approaches: These seek to create smaller devices by using larger ones to direct their assembly.Many technologies that descended from conventional solid-state silicon methods for fabricating microprocessors are now capable of creating features smaller than 100  nm, falling under the definition of nanotechnology. Giant magnetoresistance-based hard drives already on the market fit this description, as do atomic layer deposition 2) Bottom-up Approaches: These seek to arrange smaller components into more complex assemblies.DNA nanotechnology utilizes the specificity of Watson-Crick basepairing to construct well-defined structures out of DNA and other nucleic acids. Approaches from the field of classical chemical synthesis also aim at designing molecules with well-defined shape (e.g. bis -peptides). More generally, molecular self-assembly seeks to use concepts of supramolecular chemistry, and molecular recognitionin particular, to cause single-molecule components to automatically arrange themselves into some useful conformation. Peter Grà ¼nberg and Albert Fert received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2007 for their discovery of Giant magnetoresistance and contributions to the field of spintronics. Solid-state techniques can also be used to create devices known as nanoelectromechanical systems or NEMS, which are related to microelectromechanical systems or MEMS. Atomic force microscope tips can be used as a nan oscale write head to deposit a chemical upon a surface in a desired pattern in a process called dip pen nanolithography. This fits into the larger subfield of nanolithography. Focused ion beams can directly remove material, or even deposit material when suitable pre-cursor gasses are applied at the same time. For example, this technique is used routinely to create sub-100  nm sections of material for analysis in Transmission electron microscopy. 3) Functional Approaches: These seek to develop components of a desired functionality without regard to how they might be assembled.Molecular electronics seeks to develop molecules with useful electronic properties. These could then be used as single-molecule components in a nanoelectronic device. For an example see rotaxane. Synthetic chemical methods can also be used to create synthetic molecular motors, such as in a so-called nanocar. 4) Biomimetic Approaches: Bionics or biomimicry seeks to apply biological methods and systems found in nature, to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. Biomineralization is one example of the systems studied.Bionanotechnology the use of biomolecules for applications in nanotechnology, including use of viruses. C. Tools and Techniques A microfabricated cantilever with a sharp tip is deflected by features on a sample surface, much like in a phonograph but on a much smaller scale. A laser beam reflects off the backside of the cantilever into a set of photodetectors, allowing the deflection to be measured and assembled into an image of the surface. There are several important modern developments. The atomic force microscope (AFM) and the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) are two early versions of scanning probes that launched nanotechnology. There are other types of scanning probe microscopy, all flowing from the ideas of the scanning confocal microscope developed by Marvin Minsky in 1961 and the eloped by Calvin Quate and coworkers in the 1970s, that made it possible to see structures at the nanoscale. The tip of a scanning probe can also be used to manipulate nanostructures (a process called positional assembly). Feature-oriented scanning-positioning mescanning acoustic microscope (SAM) dev thodology suggested by Rostislav Lapshin appears to be a promising way to implement these nanomanipulations in automatic mode. However, this is still a slow process because of low scanning velocity of the microscope. Various techniques of nanolithography such as optical lithography, X-ray lithography dip pen nanolithography, electron bea m lithography or nanoimprint lithography were also developed. Lithography is a top-down fabrication technique where a bulk material is reduced in size to nanoscale pattern. The top-down approach anticipates nanodevices that must be built piece by piece in stages, much as manufactured items are made. Scanning probe microscopy is an important technique both for characterization and synthesis of nanomaterials. Atomic force microscopes and scanning tunneling microscopes can be used to look at surfaces and to move atoms around. By designing different tips for these microscopes, they can be used for carving out structures on surfaces and to help guide self-assembling structures. By using, for example, feature-oriented scanning-positioning approach, atoms can be moved around on a surface with scanning probe microscopy techniques. At present, it is expensive and time-consuming for mass production but very suitable for laboratory experimentation. D. Nanotechnologys Future Over the next two decades, this new field for controlling the properties of matter will rise to prominence through four evolutionary stages. Today nanotechnology is still in a formative phasenot unlike the condition of computer science in the 1960s or biotechnology in the 1980s. Yet it is maturing rapidly. Between 1997 and 2005, investment in nanotech research and development by governments around the world soared from $432 million to about $4.1 billion, and corresponding industry investment exceeded that of governments by 2005. By 2015, products incorporating nanotech will contribute approximately $1 trillion to the global economy. About two million workers will be employed in nanotech industries, and three times that many will have supporting jobs. Descriptions of nanotech typically characterize it purely in terms of the minute size of the physical features with which it is concernedassemblies between the size of an atom and about 100 molecular diameters. That depiction makes it sound as though nanotech is merely looking to use infinitely smaller parts than conventional engineering. But at this scale, rearranging the atoms and molecules leads to new properties. One sees a transition between the fixed behavior of individual atoms and molecules and the adjustable behavior of collectives. Thus, nanotechnology might better be viewed as the application of quantum theory and other nano-specific phenomena to fundamentally control the properties and behavior of matter. Over the next couple of decades, nanotech will evolve through four overlapping stages of industrial prototyping and early commercialization. The first one, which began after 2000, involves the development of passive nanostructures: materials with steady structures and functions, often used as parts of a product. These can be as modest as the particles of zinc oxide in sunscreens, but they can also be reinforcing fibers in new composites or carbon nanotube wires in ultra miniaturized electronics. The second stage, which began in 2005, focuses on active nanostructures that change their size, shape, conductivity or other properties during use. New drug-delivery particles could release therapeutic molecules in the body only after they reached their targeted diseased tissues. Electronic components such as transistors and amplifiers with adaptive functions could be reduced to single, complex molecules. Starting around 2010, workers will cultivate expertise with systems of nanostructures, directing large numbers of intricate components to specified ends. One application could involve the guided self-assembly of nanoelectronic components into three-dimensional circuits and whole devices. Medicine could employ such systems to improve the tissue compatibility of implants, or to create scaffolds for tissue regeneration, or perhaps even to build artificial organs. After 2015-2020, the field will expand to include molecular nanosystemsheterogeneous networks in which molecules and supramolecular structures serve as distinct devices. The proteins inside cells work together this way, but whereas biological systems are water-based and markedly temperature-sensitive, these molecular nanosystems will be able to operate in a far wider range of environments and should be much faster. Computers and robots could be reduced to extraordinarily small sizes. Medical applications might be as ambitious as new types of genetic therapies and antiaging treatments. New interfaces linking people directly to electronics could change telecommunications. Over time, therefore, nanotechnology should benefit every industrial sector and health care field. It should also help the environment through more efficient use of resources and better methods of pollution control. Nanotech does, however, pose new challenges to risk governance as well. Internationally, more needs to be done to collect the scientific information needed to resolve the ambiguities and to install the proper regulatory oversight. Helping the public to perceive nanotech soberly in a big picture that retains human values and quality of life will also be essential for this powerful new discipline to live up to its astonishing potential. Drastic advancements have been encountered in the fields of electronics, medicines, science, fabrication and computational related to nanotechnology. The details are as below. 1)Future of Nanoelectronics: The recent progress of nanoelectronic devices has revealed many novel devices under consideration. Even though some devices have achieved experimental results comparable with some of the best silicon FETs, these devices have yet to show electrical characteristics beyond the basic, functional level. In several years from now, the planar MOSFET, combined with high-k dielectric and coupled with strained layer technology, is expected to maintain its domination the market, due to the fact that the manufacturers still attempt to exploit their existing manufacturing capabilities and seem reluctant to adopt new technology. However, the double- and multi-gate MOSFET scaling is superior to recent planar MOSFET and also to UTB FD MOSFET scaling, thus the double and multi-gate device is projected as the ultimate MOSFET. The role of double gate MOSFET and non-planar will take greater share, as this technology become mature and the risk are more understandable in near future. On the other hand, several issues on fabrication in adoption route to standard fabrication have to be solved for every other technology. Figure indicates the projection for the first year of full scale production for future nanoelectronic devices by ITRS, which reflect the degree of complexity in fabrication for each technology. New MOSFET structures, starting with UTB-SOI MOSFETs and followed by multi-gate MOSFETs, will be implemented soon. The next generation devices, e.g. carbon nanotubes, graphene, spin transistor etc are promising, due to their performances shown by many researches. However, the processing issues force them to take longer step to be main devices for nanoelectronics. . http://docsdrive.com/images/ansinet/jas/2010/fig8-2k10-2136-2146.gif Fig.2. Projection for the first year of full scale production for future nanoelectronic devices. Nanochips: Currently available microprocessors use resolutions as small as 32 nm. Houses up to a billion transistors in a single chip. MEMS based nanochips have future capability of 2 nm cell leading to 1TB memory per chip. C:UserssudshresDesktopnanochip.jpg Fig.3 A MEMS based nanochip Nanoelectromechanical (NEMS) Sensor in Nanophotonic systems work with light signals vs. electrical signals in electronic systems. Enable parallel processing that means higher computing capability in a smaller chip. Enable realization of optical systems on semiconductor chip. Fig.4. A silicon processor featuring on-chip nanophotonic network Fuel cells use hydrogen and air as fuels and produce water as by product. The technology uses a nanomaterial membrane to produce electricity. C:UserssudshresDesktoppem fuel cell energysolutioncenter.org.jpg Fig.5. Schematic of a fuel cell C:UserssudshresDesktopfuel cell fuel cell economy-com.gif Fig.6. 500W fuel cell Nanoscale materials have feature size less than 100 nm utilized in nanoscale structures, devices and systems. Nanoparticles and Structures C:UserssudshresDesktopgold nano particle 1 nano.gov.uk.jpg Fig.7. Gold nanoparticles C:UserssudshresDesktopNano picturesNSF silver nanoparticles.tif Fig.8. Silver Nanoparticles C:UserssudshresDesktopstm2.jpg Fig.9. A stadium shaped quantum corral made by positioning iron atoms on a copper surface C:UserssudshresDesktopnanoboquet nsf.gov.jpg Fig.10. A 3-dimensional nanostructure grown by controlled nucleation of Silicon-carbide nanowires on Gallium catalyst particles. C:UserssudshresDesktopflexible nano wire solar cell.jpg Fig.11. Nanowire Solar Cell: The nanowires create a  surface that is able to absorb more sunlight than a flat surface. 2) Nanotubes: Carbon nanotubes since their discovery are used as the building blocks in various nanotechnology applications. Although many applications are at preliminary stages of experimentation, carbon nanotubes has many future prospects in almost all spheres of electronics applications. Highly integrated circuit is one of the areas, where many researchers are focusing the research and electronic properties of carbon nanotubes are being exploited. Researchers have identified and fabricated the electronic devices having densities ten thousand times greater than the present day microelectronics. These technologies will either complement or replace the CMOS. Further the electronic devices based on carbon nanotubes have additional and advance features such as conductivity, current carrying capacity and electromigration. Semi conducting carbon nanotubes having excellent nobilities and semiconductancies have been prepared and these are far better than the conventional semi conductors. Actually there are some major barriers for developing highly integrated circuits such as present fabrication methods produces the mixture of metallic and semiconductor nanotubes and exact electronic arrangements within a semiconductor nanoube is poorly understood. These are therefore the hurdles in manufacturing and fabricating highly integrating circuits, however continuous research in this area will lead to new and much more advance technology that will not only able to overcome from these barriers but will also open the door for new electronic applications also. C:UserssudshresDesktopmr340083.f7-SnO2-TiO2 composite nanoribbon.jpeg Fig.12 Nanotube 3) Future of Nanomedicine: Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology in medicine, including to cure diseases and repair damaged tissues such as bone, muscle, and nerve. To develop cure for traditionally incurable diseases (e.g. cancer) through the utilization of nanotechnology and provide more effective cure with fewer side effects by means of targeted drug delivery systems.Nanotechnology is beginning to change the scaleand methods of vascular imaging and drug delivery. NanomedicineInitiatives envisage that nanoscale technologies willbegin yielding more medical benefits within the next10 years. This includes the development of nanoscalelaboratory-based diagnostic and drug discovery platform devices such as nanoscale cantilevers for chemicalforce microscopes, microchip devices, nanopore sequencing, etc. The National Cancer Institute has related programs too,with the goal of producing nanometer scale multifunctionalentities that can diagnose, deliver therapeuticagents, and monitor cancer treatment progress. These include design and engineering of targeted contrast agents that improve the resolution of cancer cells to the single cell level, and nanodevices capable of addressing the biological and evolutionary diversity of the multiple cancer cells that make up a tumor within an individual. Thus, for the full in vivo potential of nanotechnology in targeted imaging and drug delivery to be realized, nanocarriers have to get smarter. Pertinent to realizing this promise is a clear understanding of both physicochemical and physiological processes. These form the basis of complex interactions inherent to the fingerprint of a nanovehicle and its microenvironment. extracellular and intracellular drug release rates in different pathologies, interaction with biological milieu, such as opsonizati on, and other barriers enroute to the target site, be it anatomical, physiological, immunological or biochemical, and exploitation of opportunities offered by disease states (e.g., tissuespecific receptor expression and escape routes from the vasculature). There are numerous examples of disease-fighting strategies in the literature, using nanoparticles. Often, particularly in the case of cancer therapies, drug delivery properties are combined with imaging technologies, so that cancer cells can be visually located while undergoing treatment. The predominant strategy is to target specific cells by linking antigens or other biosensors (e.g. RNA strands) to the surface of the nanoparticles that detect specialized properties of the cell walls. Once the target cell has been identified, the nanoparticles will adhere to the cell surface, or enter the cell, via a specially designed mechanism, and deliver its payload. One the drug is delivered, if the nanoparticle is also an imaging agent, doctors can follow its progress and the distribution of the cancer cell is known. Such specific targeting and detection will aid in treating late-phase metastasized cancers and hard-to-reach tumors and give indications of the spread of those and other diseases. It also prolongs the life of certain drugs that have been found to last longer inside a nanoparticle than when the tumor was directly injected, since often drugs that have been injected into a tumor diffuse away before effectively killing the tumor cells. 4) Future of Nanoscience: Without carbon, life cannot exist, the saying goes, and not only life. For technological development, carbon was the ultimate material of the 19th century. It allowed the beginnings of the industrial revolution, enabling the rise of the steel and chemical industries, it made the railways run, and it played a major role in the development of naval transportation. Silicon, another very interesting material which makes up a quarter of the earths crust, became the material of the 20th century in its turn. It gave us the development of high performance electronics and photovoltaics with large fields of applications and played a pivotal role in the evolution of computer technology. The increased device performance of information and data processing systems is changing our lives on a daily basis, producing scientific innovations for a new industrial era. However, success breeds its own problems, and there is ever more data to be handled-which requires a nanoscience approach. This cluster aims to address various aspects, prospects and challenges in this area of great interest for all our futures. Carbon exists in various allotropic forms that are intensively investigated for their unusual and fascinating properties, from both fundamental and applied points of view. Among them, the sp2 (fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene) and sp3 (diamond) bonding configurations are of special interest since they have outstanding and, in some cases, unsurpassed properties compared to other materials. These properties include very high mechanical resistance, very high hardness, high resistance to radiation damage, high thermal conductivity, biocompatibility and superconductivity. Graphene, for example, possesses very uncommon electronic structure and a high carrier mobility, with charge carriers of zero mass moving at constant velocity, just like photons. All these characteristics have put carbon and carbon-related nanomaterials in the spotlight of science and technology research. The main challenges for future understanding include i) material growth, ii) fundamental properties, and iii) devel oping advanced applications. Carbon nanoparticles and nanotubes, graphene, nano-diamond and films address the most current aspects and issues related to their fundamental and outstanding properties, and describe various classes of high-tech applications based on these promising materials. Future prospects, difficulties and challenges are addressed. Important issues include growth, morphology, atomic and electronic structure, transport properties, superconductivity, doping, nanochemistry using hydrogen, chemical and bio-sensors, and bio-imaging, allowing readers to evalate this very interesting topic and draw perspectives for the future. E. Foreign Prospect of Nanotechnology Nanotechnology provides a significant opportunity to address global challenges. This is leading to intense global competition to commercialise different products enabled by nanotechnology. However, UK industry is well placed to capitalise on this opportunity and participate in the development of many new products and services by operating alone or in collaboration with international partners. Success in this area will lead to growth in employment and wealth creation. Today, nanotechnology is evolving with some mature products and many in the growth and developmental stage. This is not unlike the condition of computer science in the 1960s or biotechnology in the 1980s. Nanotechnology has been applied to the development of products and processes across many industries particularly over the past ten years. Products are now available in markets ranging from consumer products through medical products to plastics and coatings and electronics products. There have been various market reports estimating the scale of potential future value for products that are nanotechnology enabled. A report from Lux Research published in 2006 entitled The Nanotech Report 4th Edition, notes that nanotechnology was incorporated into more than $30 billion in manufactured goods in 2005. The projection is that in 2014, $2.6 trillion in manufactured goods will incorporate nanotechnology. Even if this is an over-estimate, it is clear that there is a vast market available for nanotechnology based products. It is extremely important to the UK economy that UK companies engaged in nanotechnology participate at each stage of the supply chain. While companies are moving speedily to develop further and more advanced products based on nanotechnology, they are becoming increasingly aware that there are many challenges to address. It was with this background that a Mini Innovation and Growth Team (Mini-IGT) was formed comprising members of the NanoKTN and the Materials KTN as the secretariat, together with members of the Chemistry Innovation KTN and the Sensors and Instrumentation KTN, to prepare a report on nanotechnology on behalf of UK industry. A questionnaire was sent to the members of the various KTNs to solicit feedback on their views on nanotechnology focussing on their commercial position and also their concerns and issues. While the UK Government has commissioned reports and provided responses over the past decade, in the field of nanotechnology, the UK has not articulated an overarching national strategy on nanotechnology that can rank alongside those from the likes of the US and Germany. It is intended that this report, with its unique industry led views on nanotechnology, together with other strategic documents, including the Nanoscale Technologies Strategy 2009-2012 produced by the Technology Str ategy Board, will provide a significant contribution to a future UK Government Strategy on Nanotechnology. Nanotechnology is the basis for many products that are in common use and is providing the capability to produce a very wide range of new products that will become commonplace in the near future. The UK, like many other countries, has invested heavily in nanotechnology and has considered, through a series of reports and Government responses, how to manage and fund nanotechnology developments. At the third meeting of the Ministerial Group on Nanotechnology it was agreed that a nanotechnology strategy should be developed for the UK. As part of the strategy development process, Lord Drayson launched an evidence gathering website on 7th July 2009. Alongside this, four Knowledge Transfer Networks (Nanotechnology, Materials, Chemistry Innovation and Sensors Instrumentation) with significant industrial interest in nanotechnology agreed that it was necessary for industry to contribute to policy development using the bottom up approach. It is intended that this report with its unique industry led views on nanotechnology will provide a significant contribution to a future overarching UK Government Strategy on Nanotechnology, alongside other input from inter alia the Technology Strategy Board and the Research Councils. In addition to the questionnaire, feedback was sought from industry at workshop discussions with invited industry leaders and others in the field of nanote

Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate :: American America History

Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate When Iraq invaded and occupied the country of Kuwait in August 1990, the Bush administration was faced with several dilemmas. From a foreign policy point of view, this action could greatly destabilize the balance of power in a part of the world that was vital to U.S. interests. The United States was dependant on a continuous flow of oil to drive its economic machine, which Kuwait supplied greatly. In addition, this move would put more power into the hands of a government that was not only unfriendly to the U.S., but a sworn enemy of the state of Israel, a strong U.S. ally. In addition to, the fall of communism had created what George Bush had described as, "A new world order," and would become the first major test of how the U.S. would handle its role as the sole remaining super power in this "new world order." There were many challenges facing the Bush administration as to the manner in which they would handle this first major international crisis. The Bush administration had to dev elop a consensus of the major remaining powers, and appear not acting alone in its response to President Saddam Hussein's actions of invading Kuwait. They also yearned to keep Israel from being involved so as not to alienate the remaining Middle Eastern nations. Lastly, they faced a domestic dilemma, in that much of the American public had significant reservations about involving U.S. troops involved in a foreign conflict. There remained a bad taste of Vietnam among the American public, and there were very mixed responses to American involvement in Somalia, Nicaragua, and Grenada. For the Bush administration, Hussein was not a merchant who could be bargained with, but rather an outlaw who would have to be defeated by force. The Bush administration was faced with a task of developing (more or less) overwhelming support from the U.S. people to take any action in Kuwait, which was accomplished by a dramatic public relations move to demonize Saddam Hussein in the eyes of the American pe ople. The task of the United States demonizing Saddam Hussein was facilitated by many factors, both real and imaginary; a mixture of true facts and public relations image making. On the fact side, Saddam Hussein was indeed a dictator, and responsible for some true atrocities. Hussein ruled with an iron fist. Most accounts of political analysts looking at Iraq agree that his rein was one characterized by fear of the state. Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate :: American America History Saddam Hussein: The U.S Portrayal of Evil Encarnate When Iraq invaded and occupied the country of Kuwait in August 1990, the Bush administration was faced with several dilemmas. From a foreign policy point of view, this action could greatly destabilize the balance of power in a part of the world that was vital to U.S. interests. The United States was dependant on a continuous flow of oil to drive its economic machine, which Kuwait supplied greatly. In addition, this move would put more power into the hands of a government that was not only unfriendly to the U.S., but a sworn enemy of the state of Israel, a strong U.S. ally. In addition to, the fall of communism had created what George Bush had described as, "A new world order," and would become the first major test of how the U.S. would handle its role as the sole remaining super power in this "new world order." There were many challenges facing the Bush administration as to the manner in which they would handle this first major international crisis. The Bush administration had to dev elop a consensus of the major remaining powers, and appear not acting alone in its response to President Saddam Hussein's actions of invading Kuwait. They also yearned to keep Israel from being involved so as not to alienate the remaining Middle Eastern nations. Lastly, they faced a domestic dilemma, in that much of the American public had significant reservations about involving U.S. troops involved in a foreign conflict. There remained a bad taste of Vietnam among the American public, and there were very mixed responses to American involvement in Somalia, Nicaragua, and Grenada. For the Bush administration, Hussein was not a merchant who could be bargained with, but rather an outlaw who would have to be defeated by force. The Bush administration was faced with a task of developing (more or less) overwhelming support from the U.S. people to take any action in Kuwait, which was accomplished by a dramatic public relations move to demonize Saddam Hussein in the eyes of the American pe ople. The task of the United States demonizing Saddam Hussein was facilitated by many factors, both real and imaginary; a mixture of true facts and public relations image making. On the fact side, Saddam Hussein was indeed a dictator, and responsible for some true atrocities. Hussein ruled with an iron fist. Most accounts of political analysts looking at Iraq agree that his rein was one characterized by fear of the state.

Monsoons: Monsoon and Southern Hemisphere

MONSOONS Topic sentence-â€Å"This essay will focus upon the both the beneficial and the detrimental impacts of monsoonal weather systems in the Asia pacific region. † INTRODUCTION: paragraph 0 * Monsoons are an annually recurring weather phenomenon, triggered by the earth’s tilt in relation to the sun. Although they return every year, it is still impossible to tell the timing, duration, and quantity of rain each season, a fact that leaves impacted areas without accurate storm information * The major monsoon systems of the world consist of the West African and Asia-Australian monsoons. The wind generally blows for six months from the northeast and six months from the southwest. * A major wind system that seasonally reverses its direction—such as one that blows for approximately six months from the northeast and six months from the southwest. The most prominent monsoons occur in South Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Pacific coast of Central America. Monsoonal ten dencies also are apparent along the Gulf Coast of the United States and in central Europe; however, true monsoons do not occur in those regions. ORIGINS: paragraph 1 Strengthening of the Asian monsoon has been linked to the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau after the collision of the Indian sub-continent and Asia around 50 million years ago. [9] Many geologists believe the monsoon first became strong around 8 million years ago based on records from the Arabian Sea and the record of wind-blown dust in the Loess Plateau of China. More recently, plant fossils in China and new long-duration sediment records from the South China Sea led to a timing of the monsoon starting 15-20 million years ago and linked to early Tibetan uplift. 10] Testing of this hypothesis awaits deep ocean sampling by the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program STRUCTURE: paragraph 1 CAUSES/PROCESS: paragraph 2 * SUMMER MONSOONS: When the Sun rays fall on the Earth, they get reflected by the land and cause heating of the air present above it. The water sources like oceans, rivers, etc. , absorb this heat from the air, due to which the air present above these water sources is relatively cool. * Example is the zone of Asia, where major part of the northern hemisphere is land and southern hemisphere is ocean.During summers, the Earth makes a perfect angle with the Sun; as a result, the Sun rays directly strike on the northern hemisphere landmass. These Sun rays get reflected and cause warming of the air. This hot air rises up into the atmosphere and the cooler air of the southern hemisphere from the ocean rush to fill the gap. This cool air contains moisture which is the main source of summer rains in Asia. This process is known as summer monsoon or southwest monsoon. * WINTER MONSOONS: Sun rays are more dominant at the southern hemisphere. They are completely reverse of summer monsoons as the lands are cooler than the oceans.The air circulation is completely opposite as the warm air moves from ocean to l and and cold air move from land to ocean. This cold air entraps the moisture when they pass over the tropical waters and releases the moisture over northern Australia, Sri Lanka, the Indian coast and Indonesia. They are also known as north-east monsoons. IMPACTS: paragraph3 * Over 60% of the world’s population depend on monsoon rains, but despite their regularity, there are year-to-year variations which place enormous strain on food and water resources. * Food production in seasonally arid areas is inherently risky.By the end of the dry season, the soil is parched and planting cannot begin until the rains arrive. A late or weak monsoon can lead to a short r poor growing season and hence low yields, as happened during the drought of 1987. An excessively strong monsoon can be just as detrimental. For example, in Pakistan, heavy rain during September 1992 flooded cotton plantations and caused the crop to fail. Agricultural failure has a profound effect on the economy of monsoon- affected countries, such as India, where farming accounts for 30% of the gross domestic product and 67% of the workforce.BENEFITS: paragraph3 * The benefits of monsoon rain are immense – they provide water for a country whose dry, arid climate destroys and dries out the water supply. In the hotter and drier months of the year in India, people are sometimes forced to travel by foot for miles just to get clean water for their families. Some just collapse from heat stroke and lack of energy. The monsoons change this – the water from the monsoon rain saves lives. DESTRUCTIVE POTENTIAL: paragraph3 * Monsoons can put communities in danger.The winds can knock down trees and even do some damage to people's houses or buildings – windows may be broken and trees may fall on houses. The floods also cause people serious problems. People may be walking down the street, wading through waist-deep water. The floods from the extreme rain can spread bacteria as well. The dirty wat er that hundreds of other people have been wading through can be a good breeding ground for harmful bacteria and it helps spread deadly diseases. Mosquitoes breed in water, so there might be an over-population of mosquitoes that can carry diseases, as well.EXAMPLES: paragraph 4 STATISTICS: paragraph 5 ————————————————- Monsoon Statistics| | No. | Year | Average rain in millimeter in Bharuch headquarter| Average rain in millimeter in districts| 1| 1998 | 1089 | 910 | 2 | 1999 | 523 | 397. 37 | 3 | 2000 | 533 | 389. 25 | 4 | 2001 | 857 | 614. 87 | 5 | 2002 | 1023 | 714. 37 | 6 | 2003 | 872 | 806 | 7 | 2004 | 1062 | 783 | 8 | 2005 | 826 | 889 | 9 | 2006 | 963 | 914. 8 | 10 | 2007 | 1487 | 900 | | | | http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Monsoon http://school. eb. com. au/all/eb/article-9053445? query=monsoons&ct=null http://www. uzzle. com/articles/what-causes-monsoons. html http:/ /library. thinkquest. org/C003603/english/monsoons/causesofmonsoons. shtml http://ugamp. nerc. ac. uk/promise/brochure/brochure. pdf http://indiasmonsoons. blogspot. com/ http://bharuchdp. gujarat. gov. in/bharuch/english/branches/revenue-branch/monsoon-statistic. htm STRUCTURE * INTRODUCTION * Origins (paragraph1) * Structure (Paragraph 1) * Causes/Process (paragraph2) * Impacts(paragraph3) * Benefits (paragraph3) * Destructive potential (paragraph3) * Example (paragraph 4) * Statistics (paragraph 4) * CONCLUSION